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CVE-2016-3081

HIGH 8.1 KNOWN EXPLOITED PoC CATALOGUED DETECTION TEMPLATE ALL-YEARS

Published 2016-04-26 · Last modified 2026-10-09 · redhat · NVD: Analyzed

Apache Struts 2.3.19 to 2.3.20.2, 2.3.21 to 2.3.24.1, and 2.3.25 to 2.3.28, when Dynamic Method Invocation is enabled, allow remote attackers to execute arbitrary code via method: prefix, related to chained expressions.

ACTIVELY EXPLOITED

Confirmed exploited in the wild — in CISA KEV since 2026-10-08. Patch or mitigate now.

Exploitation likelihood

96.5%chance of exploitation in 30 days · 100th percentile

● In CISA KEV (2026-10-08)● Catalogued PoC◆ SSVC: exploitation active, automatable no

Impact if exploited

8.1CVSS 3.1 · HIGH · ADP

  • ConfidentialityHigh
  • IntegrityHigh
  • AvailabilityHigh

What an attacker needs

  • ✓Access: Reachable over the network — no local access needed
  • ✓Privileges: No account or privileges required
  • ✓User interaction: No user interaction needed
  • ⚠Complexity: Needs a race window or specific setup

✓ lowers the bar for an attacker · ⚠ raises it

Proof of concept

Public PoC or exploit resources are catalogued below.

Listed by the named source; Vulnpedia has not tested these resources.

PoC data: JSON

Detection templates

Detection checks are listed separately from PoCs.

Resource commands

nuclei -id CVE-2016-3081 -u https://TARGETDetection template — review its checks and affected versions before use.
searchsploit --cve CVE-2016-3081 && searchsploit -m 39756Fetch the ExploitDB PoC locally; review the code before running it.
curl -s https://vulnpedia.com/cve/CVE-2016-3081/poc.jsonMachine-readable PoC index for this CVE (for automation).

Search for new PoCs

Search GitHub now — results may be empty or unverified.

Tracked sources are checked weekly for the full archive, including PoCs published after the original disclosure. A later release appears after a tracked source lists it and a refresh succeeds.

Data snapshot:

Affected

Vendors Huawei Apache Oracle

Products Agile Controller Campus Firmware Agile Controller Campus Anyoffice Logcenter Firehunter6000 Firmware Firehunter6000 Oceanstor 5300 V3 Firmware Oceanstor 5300 V3 Oceanstor 5500 V3 Firmware Oceanstor 5500 V3 Oceanstor 5600 V3 Firmware Oceanstor 5600 V3 Oceanstor 5800 V3 Firmware Oceanstor 5800 V3 Oceanstor 6800 V3 Firmware Oceanstor 6800 V3 Oceanstor 18500 V3 Firmware Oceanstor 18500 V3 Oceanstor 18500f Firmware Oceanstor 18500f Oceanstor 18800 V3 Firmware Oceanstor 18800 V3 Oceanstor 18800f Firmware Oceanstor 18800f Oceanstor 9000 Firmware Oceanstor 9000 Oceanstor N8500 Firmware Oceanstor N8500 Oceanstor Onebox Firmware Oceanstor Onebox Struts Flexcube Private Banking Micros Retail Xbri Loss Prevention Siebel E Billing

Weakness (CWE)

  • CWE-77: Improper Neutralization of Special Elements used in a Command ('Command Injection')

CVSS vector

CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H

References and research data (JSON)

Packages and version ranges

Each advisory describes its own package and affected ranges. A boundary applies to that range; it is not a universal upgrade recommendation.

  • org.apache.struts:struts2-core Maven

    pkg:maven/org.apache.struts/struts2-core

    ECOSYSTEM range
    • Introduced version (included): 2.3.19
    • Fixed boundary (excluded): 2.3.20.3
    2 explicitly listed affected versions

    2.3.20, 2.3.20.1

    Additional upstream package constraints
    {
  "database": {
    "last_known_affected_version_range": "<= 2.3.20.2",
    "source": "https://github.com/github/advisory-database/blob/main/advisories/github-reviewed/2022/05/GHSA-8c6j-ffmf-q6vm/GHSA-8c6j-ffmf-q6vm.json"
  }
}
    GitHub Advisory Database · GHSA-8c6j-ffmf-q6vm · Updated 2024-02-16T08:16:46.290501Z
  • org.apache.struts:struts2-core Maven

    pkg:maven/org.apache.struts/struts2-core

    ECOSYSTEM range
    • Introduced version (included): 2.3.21
    • Fixed boundary (excluded): 2.3.24.3
    2 explicitly listed affected versions

    2.3.24, 2.3.24.1

    Additional upstream package constraints
    {
  "database": {
    "last_known_affected_version_range": "<= 2.3.24.2",
    "source": "https://github.com/github/advisory-database/blob/main/advisories/github-reviewed/2022/05/GHSA-8c6j-ffmf-q6vm/GHSA-8c6j-ffmf-q6vm.json"
  }
}
    GitHub Advisory Database · GHSA-8c6j-ffmf-q6vm · Updated 2024-02-16T08:16:46.290501Z
  • org.apache.struts:struts2-core Maven

    pkg:maven/org.apache.struts/struts2-core

    ECOSYSTEM range
    • Introduced version (included): 2.3.25
    • Fixed boundary (excluded): 2.3.28.1
    1 explicitly listed affected versions

    2.3.28

    Additional upstream package constraints
    {
  "database": {
    "last_known_affected_version_range": "<= 2.3.28",
    "source": "https://github.com/github/advisory-database/blob/main/advisories/github-reviewed/2022/05/GHSA-8c6j-ffmf-q6vm/GHSA-8c6j-ffmf-q6vm.json"
  }
}
    GitHub Advisory Database · GHSA-8c6j-ffmf-q6vm · Updated 2024-02-16T08:16:46.290501Z

Additional exploitation reports

Source-specific reports, separate from CISA KEV. Repeated observations from one source are not independent confirmations.

  • VulnCheck KEV · 2026-07-23T00:00:00Z

    Source guidance: Apply mitigations in accordance with vendor instructions, ensuring compliance with CISA’s BOD 26-04 Prioritizing Security Updates Based on Risk (see URL in Notes) guidance and CISA’s “Forensics Triage Requirements” (see URL in Notes). Follow applicable BOD 26-04 guidance for cloud services or discontinue use of the product if mitigations are unavailable. Stakeholders are responsible for evaluating each asset's internet exposure and ensuring adherence to BOD 26-04 patching guidelines.

    Source ransomware assessment: Unknown

    VulnCheck KEV · CVE-2016-3081 · Updated 2026-07-23T00:00:00Z
  • VulnCheck KEV · 2026-07-23T00:00:00ZVulnCheck KEV · CVE-2016-3081
  • VulnCheck KEV · 2026-10-08T00:00:00ZVulnCheck KEV · CVE-2016-3081
    VulnCheck KEV · CVE-2016-3081

Known Affected Software Configurations

VendorProductVersion range
HuaweiAgile Controller Campus Firmwarev100r002c00
HuaweiAnyofficev200r005c00
HuaweiAnyofficev200r006c00
HuaweiLogcenterv100r001c10
HuaweiLogcenterv100r001c20
HuaweiFirehunter6000 Firmwarev100r001c20
HuaweiOceanstor 5300 V3 Firmwarev300r001
HuaweiOceanstor 5300 V3 Firmwarev300r002
HuaweiOceanstor 5300 V3 Firmwarev300r003c00
HuaweiOceanstor 5300 V3 Firmwarev300r003c10
HuaweiOceanstor 5500 V3 Firmwarev300r001
HuaweiOceanstor 5500 V3 Firmwarev300r002
HuaweiOceanstor 5500 V3 Firmwarev300r003c00
HuaweiOceanstor 5500 V3 Firmwarev300r003c10
HuaweiOceanstor 5600 V3 Firmwarev300r001
HuaweiOceanstor 5600 V3 Firmwarev300r002
HuaweiOceanstor 5600 V3 Firmwarev300r003c00
HuaweiOceanstor 5600 V3 Firmwarev300r003c10
HuaweiOceanstor 5800 V3 Firmwarev300r001
HuaweiOceanstor 5800 V3 Firmwarev300r002
HuaweiOceanstor 5800 V3 Firmwarev300r003c00
HuaweiOceanstor 5800 V3 Firmwarev300r003c10
HuaweiOceanstor 6800 V3 Firmwarev300r001
HuaweiOceanstor 6800 V3 Firmwarev300r002
HuaweiOceanstor 6800 V3 Firmwarev300r003c00
HuaweiOceanstor 6800 V3 Firmwarev300r003c10
HuaweiOceanstor 18500 V3 Firmwarev300r001
HuaweiOceanstor 18500 V3 Firmwarev300r002
HuaweiOceanstor 18500 V3 Firmwarev300r003c00
HuaweiOceanstor 18500 V3 Firmwarev300r003c10
HuaweiOceanstor 18500f Firmwarev300r001
HuaweiOceanstor 18500f Firmwarev300r002
HuaweiOceanstor 18500f Firmwarev300r003c00
HuaweiOceanstor 18500f Firmwarev300r003c10
HuaweiOceanstor 18800 V3 Firmwarev300r001
HuaweiOceanstor 18800 V3 Firmwarev300r002
HuaweiOceanstor 18800 V3 Firmwarev300r003c00
HuaweiOceanstor 18800 V3 Firmwarev300r003c10
HuaweiOceanstor 18800f Firmwarev300r001
HuaweiOceanstor 18800f Firmwarev300r002
HuaweiOceanstor 18800f Firmwarev300r003c00
HuaweiOceanstor 18800f Firmwarev300r003c10
HuaweiOceanstor 9000 Firmwarev100r001c01
HuaweiOceanstor 9000 Firmwarev100r001c30
HuaweiOceanstor 9000 Firmwarev300r005c00
HuaweiOceanstor N8500 Firmwarev200r001c09spc505
HuaweiOceanstor N8500 Firmwarev200r001c91spc205
HuaweiOceanstor N8500 Firmwarev200r001c91spc900
HuaweiOceanstor N8500 Firmwarev200r001c91spc901
HuaweiOceanstor Onebox Firmwarev100r003c10
ApacheStruts≥ 2.3.20 and < 2.3.20.3
ApacheStruts≥ 2.3.21 and < 2.3.24.3
ApacheStruts≥ 2.3.25 and < 2.3.28.1
OracleFlexcube Private Banking2.0.0.0
OracleFlexcube Private Banking2.0.1
OracleFlexcube Private Banking2.2.0
OracleFlexcube Private Banking12.0.1
OracleFlexcube Private Banking12.0.3
OracleFlexcube Private Banking12.1.0
OracleMicros Retail Xbri Loss Prevention10.0.1
OracleMicros Retail Xbri Loss Prevention10.5.0
OracleMicros Retail Xbri Loss Prevention10.6.0
OracleMicros Retail Xbri Loss Prevention10.7.0
OracleMicros Retail Xbri Loss Prevention10.8.0
OracleMicros Retail Xbri Loss Prevention10.8.1
OracleSiebel E Billing7.1

All CVSS metrics

  • HIGH 8.1 v3.1 · ADP Primary
    CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H
  • HIGH 8.1 v3.1 · NVD Primary
    CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H
  • HIGH 9.3 v2.0 · NVD Primary
    AV:N/AC:M/Au:N/C:C/I:C/A:C

References

Exploit-tagged references (not proof of a PoC)

Patches & mitigations

Advisories

Technical & other

Sources: NVD · CVE.org · All sources and attribution · EPSS