Vulnpedia
← All CVEs

CVE-2023-28531

CRITICAL 9.8 ALL-YEARS

Published 2023-03-17 · Last modified 2026-10-14 · mitre · NVD: Modified

ssh-add in OpenSSH before 9.3 adds smartcard keys to ssh-agent without the intended per-hop destination constraints. The earliest affected version is 8.9.

ELEVATED IMPACT

Severe if exploited (CVSS 9.8), but no confirmed exploitation. Patch on a normal cadence.

Exploitation likelihood

3.0%chance of exploitation in 30 days · 87th percentile

○ In CISA KEV○ Catalogued PoC◆ SSVC: exploitation none, automatable no

Impact if exploited

9.8CVSS 3.1 · CRITICAL · NVD

  • ConfidentialityHigh
  • IntegrityHigh
  • AvailabilityHigh

What an attacker needs

  • ✓Access: Reachable over the network — no local access needed
  • ✓Privileges: No account or privileges required
  • ✓User interaction: No user interaction needed
  • ✓Complexity: No special conditions — reliably repeatable

✓ lowers the bar for an attacker · ⚠ raises it

Proof of concept

No public PoC is currently catalogued.

Search for new PoCs

Search GitHub now — results may be empty or unverified.

Tracked sources are checked weekly for the full archive, including PoCs published after the original disclosure. A later release appears after a tracked source lists it and a refresh succeeds.

Affected

Vendors Siemens Openbsd Netapp

Products Simatic S7 1500 Cpu 1518 4 Pn/Dp Mfp Simatic S7 1500 Cpu 1518f 4 Pn/Dp Mfp Siplus S7 1500 Cpu 1518 4 Pn/Dp Mfp Openssh Brocade Fabric Operating System Hci Bootstrap Os Solidfire Element Os

Weakness (CWE)

  • CWE-284: Improper Access Control

CVSS vector

CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H

References and research data (JSON)

Vendor product assessments

Showing 32 of 33 vendor product statements; 1 omitted. Read the full vendor advisory.

  • openssh as a component of Red Hat Enterprise Linux 6 · known not affected

    Vendor assessment for this product only.

    Reason: vulnerable code not present

    pkg:rpm/redhat/openssh

    Red Hat · CVE-2023-28531 · Updated 2026-06-29T23:10:01+00:00
  • openssh-askpass as a component of Red Hat Enterprise Linux 6 · known not affected

    Vendor assessment for this product only.

    Reason: vulnerable code not present

    pkg:rpm/redhat/openssh-askpass

    Red Hat · CVE-2023-28531 · Updated 2026-06-29T23:10:01+00:00
  • openssh-clients as a component of Red Hat Enterprise Linux 6 · known not affected

    Vendor assessment for this product only.

    Reason: vulnerable code not present

    pkg:rpm/redhat/openssh-clients

    Red Hat · CVE-2023-28531 · Updated 2026-06-29T23:10:01+00:00
  • openssh-ldap as a component of Red Hat Enterprise Linux 6 · known not affected

    Vendor assessment for this product only.

    Reason: vulnerable code not present

    pkg:rpm/redhat/openssh-ldap

    Red Hat · CVE-2023-28531 · Updated 2026-06-29T23:10:01+00:00
  • openssh-server as a component of Red Hat Enterprise Linux 6 · known not affected

    Vendor assessment for this product only.

    Reason: vulnerable code not present

    pkg:rpm/redhat/openssh-server

    Red Hat · CVE-2023-28531 · Updated 2026-06-29T23:10:01+00:00
  • openssh.src as a component of Red Hat Enterprise Linux 6 · known not affected

    Vendor assessment for this product only.

    Reason: vulnerable code not present

    pkg:rpm/redhat/openssh?arch=src

    Red Hat · CVE-2023-28531 · Updated 2026-06-29T23:10:01+00:00
  • pam_ssh_agent_auth as a component of Red Hat Enterprise Linux 6 · known not affected

    Vendor assessment for this product only.

    Reason: vulnerable code not present

    pkg:rpm/redhat/pam_ssh_agent_auth

    Red Hat · CVE-2023-28531 · Updated 2026-06-29T23:10:01+00:00
  • openssh as a component of Red Hat Enterprise Linux 7 · known not affected

    Vendor assessment for this product only.

    Reason: vulnerable code not present

    pkg:rpm/redhat/openssh

    Red Hat · CVE-2023-28531 · Updated 2026-06-29T23:10:01+00:00
  • openssh-askpass as a component of Red Hat Enterprise Linux 7 · known not affected

    Vendor assessment for this product only.

    Reason: vulnerable code not present

    pkg:rpm/redhat/openssh-askpass

    Red Hat · CVE-2023-28531 · Updated 2026-06-29T23:10:01+00:00
  • openssh-cavs as a component of Red Hat Enterprise Linux 7 · known not affected

    Vendor assessment for this product only.

    Reason: vulnerable code not present

    pkg:rpm/redhat/openssh-cavs

    Red Hat · CVE-2023-28531 · Updated 2026-06-29T23:10:01+00:00
  • openssh-clients as a component of Red Hat Enterprise Linux 7 · known not affected

    Vendor assessment for this product only.

    Reason: vulnerable code not present

    pkg:rpm/redhat/openssh-clients

    Red Hat · CVE-2023-28531 · Updated 2026-06-29T23:10:01+00:00
  • openssh-keycat as a component of Red Hat Enterprise Linux 7 · known not affected

    Vendor assessment for this product only.

    Reason: vulnerable code not present

    pkg:rpm/redhat/openssh-keycat

    Red Hat · CVE-2023-28531 · Updated 2026-06-29T23:10:01+00:00
  • openssh-ldap as a component of Red Hat Enterprise Linux 7 · known not affected

    Vendor assessment for this product only.

    Reason: vulnerable code not present

    pkg:rpm/redhat/openssh-ldap

    Red Hat · CVE-2023-28531 · Updated 2026-06-29T23:10:01+00:00
  • openssh-server as a component of Red Hat Enterprise Linux 7 · known not affected

    Vendor assessment for this product only.

    Reason: vulnerable code not present

    pkg:rpm/redhat/openssh-server

    Red Hat · CVE-2023-28531 · Updated 2026-06-29T23:10:01+00:00
  • openssh-server-sysvinit as a component of Red Hat Enterprise Linux 7 · known not affected

    Vendor assessment for this product only.

    Reason: vulnerable code not present

    pkg:rpm/redhat/openssh-server-sysvinit

    Red Hat · CVE-2023-28531 · Updated 2026-06-29T23:10:01+00:00
  • openssh.src as a component of Red Hat Enterprise Linux 7 · known not affected

    Vendor assessment for this product only.

    Reason: vulnerable code not present

    pkg:rpm/redhat/openssh?arch=src

    Red Hat · CVE-2023-28531 · Updated 2026-06-29T23:10:01+00:00
  • openssh as a component of Red Hat Enterprise Linux 8 · known not affected

    Vendor assessment for this product only.

    Reason: vulnerable code not present

    pkg:rpm/redhat/openssh

    Red Hat · CVE-2023-28531 · Updated 2026-06-29T23:10:01+00:00
  • openssh-askpass as a component of Red Hat Enterprise Linux 8 · known not affected

    Vendor assessment for this product only.

    Reason: vulnerable code not present

    pkg:rpm/redhat/openssh-askpass

    Red Hat · CVE-2023-28531 · Updated 2026-06-29T23:10:01+00:00
  • openssh-cavs as a component of Red Hat Enterprise Linux 8 · known not affected

    Vendor assessment for this product only.

    Reason: vulnerable code not present

    pkg:rpm/redhat/openssh-cavs

    Red Hat · CVE-2023-28531 · Updated 2026-06-29T23:10:01+00:00
  • openssh-clients as a component of Red Hat Enterprise Linux 8 · known not affected

    Vendor assessment for this product only.

    Reason: vulnerable code not present

    pkg:rpm/redhat/openssh-clients

    Red Hat · CVE-2023-28531 · Updated 2026-06-29T23:10:01+00:00
  • openssh-keycat as a component of Red Hat Enterprise Linux 8 · known not affected

    Vendor assessment for this product only.

    Reason: vulnerable code not present

    pkg:rpm/redhat/openssh-keycat

    Red Hat · CVE-2023-28531 · Updated 2026-06-29T23:10:01+00:00
  • openssh-ldap as a component of Red Hat Enterprise Linux 8 · known not affected

    Vendor assessment for this product only.

    Reason: vulnerable code not present

    pkg:rpm/redhat/openssh-ldap

    Red Hat · CVE-2023-28531 · Updated 2026-06-29T23:10:01+00:00
  • openssh-server as a component of Red Hat Enterprise Linux 8 · known not affected

    Vendor assessment for this product only.

    Reason: vulnerable code not present

    pkg:rpm/redhat/openssh-server

    Red Hat · CVE-2023-28531 · Updated 2026-06-29T23:10:01+00:00
  • openssh.src as a component of Red Hat Enterprise Linux 8 · known not affected

    Vendor assessment for this product only.

    Reason: vulnerable code not present

    pkg:rpm/redhat/openssh?arch=src

    Red Hat · CVE-2023-28531 · Updated 2026-06-29T23:10:01+00:00
  • pam_ssh_agent_auth as a component of Red Hat Enterprise Linux 8 · known not affected

    Vendor assessment for this product only.

    Reason: vulnerable code not present

    pkg:rpm/redhat/pam_ssh_agent_auth

    Red Hat · CVE-2023-28531 · Updated 2026-06-29T23:10:01+00:00
  • openssh as a component of Red Hat Enterprise Linux 9 · known not affected

    Vendor assessment for this product only.

    Reason: vulnerable code not present

    pkg:rpm/redhat/openssh

    Red Hat · CVE-2023-28531 · Updated 2026-06-29T23:10:01+00:00
  • openssh-askpass as a component of Red Hat Enterprise Linux 9 · known not affected

    Vendor assessment for this product only.

    Reason: vulnerable code not present

    pkg:rpm/redhat/openssh-askpass

    Red Hat · CVE-2023-28531 · Updated 2026-06-29T23:10:01+00:00
  • openssh-clients as a component of Red Hat Enterprise Linux 9 · known not affected

    Vendor assessment for this product only.

    Reason: vulnerable code not present

    pkg:rpm/redhat/openssh-clients

    Red Hat · CVE-2023-28531 · Updated 2026-06-29T23:10:01+00:00
  • openssh-keycat as a component of Red Hat Enterprise Linux 9 · known not affected

    Vendor assessment for this product only.

    Reason: vulnerable code not present

    pkg:rpm/redhat/openssh-keycat

    Red Hat · CVE-2023-28531 · Updated 2026-06-29T23:10:01+00:00
  • openssh-server as a component of Red Hat Enterprise Linux 9 · known not affected

    Vendor assessment for this product only.

    Reason: vulnerable code not present

    pkg:rpm/redhat/openssh-server

    Red Hat · CVE-2023-28531 · Updated 2026-06-29T23:10:01+00:00
  • openssh.src as a component of Red Hat Enterprise Linux 9 · known not affected

    Vendor assessment for this product only.

    Reason: vulnerable code not present

    pkg:rpm/redhat/openssh?arch=src

    Red Hat · CVE-2023-28531 · Updated 2026-06-29T23:10:01+00:00
  • pam_ssh_agent_auth as a component of Red Hat Enterprise Linux 9 · known not affected

    Vendor assessment for this product only.

    Reason: vulnerable code not present

    pkg:rpm/redhat/pam_ssh_agent_auth

    Red Hat · CVE-2023-28531 · Updated 2026-06-29T23:10:01+00:00

Known Affected Software Configurations

VendorProductVersion range
OpenbsdOpenssh≥ 8.9 and < 9.3
NetappBrocade Fabric Operating System*
NetappHci Bootstrap Os*
NetappSolidfire Element Os*

References

Advisories

Technical & other

Sources: NVD · CVE.org · All sources and attribution · EPSS