CVE-2026-111225
LOW 2.3Netgate pfSense CE 2.5.0 through 2.9.0 contains an OS command injection vulnerability in openvpn.learn-address.sh that allows authenticated VPN clients to execute commands as the unbound user. Attackers can embed shell metacharacters in the certificate common name or username, which is interpolated unquoted into su -c strings, when DNS Resolver client registration is enabled.
No known exploitation, public exploit, or elevated probability at this time. Track for changes.
Exploitation likelihood
6.2%chance of exploitation in 30 days · 93rd percentile
Impact if exploited
2.3CVSS 4.0 · LOW
- ConfidentialityLow
- IntegrityLow
- AvailabilityLow
What an attacker needs
- ✓Access: Reachable over the network — no local access needed
- ⚠Privileges: Requires a low-privilege account
- ✓User interaction: No user interaction needed
- ⚠Complexity: Needs a race window or specific setup
- ⚠Requirements: Specific conditions must be present
✓ lowers the bar for an attacker · ⚠ raises it
Proof of concept
No public PoC is currently catalogued.
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Data snapshot:
Weakness (CWE)
- CWE-78: Improper Neutralization of Special Elements used in an OS Command ('OS Command Injection')
CVSS vector
CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:H/AT:P/PR:L/UI:N/VC:L/VI:L/VA:L/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N
References and research data (JSON)
Known Affected Software Configurations
| Vendor | Product | Version range |
|---|---|---|
| Pfsense | Pfsense | ≥ 2.5.0 and ≤ 2.9.0 |
All CVSS metrics
- LOW 2.3 v4.0 · CNA Primary
CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:H/AT:P/PR:L/UI:N/VC:L/VI:L/VA:L/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N - MEDIUM 5 v3.1 · CNA Primary
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:L/A:L - LOW 2.3 v4.0 · NVD Secondary
CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:H/AT:P/PR:L/UI:N/VC:L/VI:L/VA:L/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N/E:X/CR:X/IR:X/AR:X/MAV:X/MAC:X/MAT:X/MPR:X/MUI:X/MVC:X/MVI:X/MVA:X/MSC:X/MSI:X/MSA:X/S:X/AU:X/R:X/V:X/RE:X/U:X - MEDIUM 5 v3.1 · NVD Secondary
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:L/A:L - HIGH 8.8 v3.1 · NVD Primary
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H
References
Exploit-tagged references (not proof of a PoC)
- https://github.com/abraxas/pfsense-ovpn-learn-cn CVE record · VulnCheck · Updated 2026-10-15T18:46:25.093Z
NVD · CVE-2026-111225 · Updated 2026-10-19T20:43:14.060
Advisories
- https://www.vulncheck.com/advisories/netgate-pfsense-ce-2.5.0-through-2.9.0-os-command-injection-via-openvpn-learn-address-sh CVE record · VulnCheck · Updated 2026-10-15T18:46:25.093Z
NVD · CVE-2026-111225 · Updated 2026-10-19T20:43:14.060 - https://euvd.enisa.europa.eu/vulnerability/EUVD-2026-102337 EUVD · EUVD-2026-102337
Technical & other
- https://abraxaslabs.tech/research/pfsense-ce-leftovers CVE record · VulnCheck · Updated 2026-10-15T18:46:25.093Z
NVD · CVE-2026-111225 · Updated 2026-10-19T20:43:14.060 - https://github.com/pfsense/pfsense/blob/9363ac5b8651a1c7a333180425ce7719070f95f9/src/usr/local/sbin/openvpn.learn-address.sh#L57-L62 CVE record · VulnCheck · Updated 2026-10-15T18:46:25.093Z
NVD · CVE-2026-111225 · Updated 2026-10-19T20:43:14.060